Literary Review #1




  1. Primack, Brian A., et al. "Full Length Article: Use of Multiple Social Media Platforms and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Nationally-Representative Study among U.S. Young Adults." Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 69, 01 Apr. 2017, pp. 1-9. EBSCO host, doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.013.

  1. This reading is a study of how increased time spent on social media is associated with depression and anxiety. This study used a survey on a nationally- representative sample of 1787 U.S. young adults from ages 19 to 32.  The results of the study found a linear association between the number of social platforms used and anxiety, meaning that the more social media sites and time that a person spent the higher the odds of them also having increased levels of anxiety symptoms.

  1. Primack, Brian A. a,b,c
  • Shensa, Ariela,b
  • Escobar-Viera, César G a,d
  • Barrett, Erica L.a,b
  • Sidani, Jaime E.a,b
  • Colditz, Jason B.a,b
  • James, A. Everetted 

a Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
b Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
c Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
d Health Policy Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

  1. SM: this reading uses this term to signify social media platforms such as Snapchat, Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter, Instagram, etc,
  • TSSM: this term indicates time spent on social media this total includes the time spent on all social media platforms together


  1. "Engagement via platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tumblr may provide opportunities for keeping in touch with family and friends as well as other social interactions that may increase social capital and alleviate depression and anxiety." (pg. 1)
  • "For example, many people in this age range maintain Facebook accounts but use them primarily for posting photos and receiving information from formal groups such as college related activities. These individuals may use Snapchat instead for private conversations with close friends. Meanwhile, Twitter and Reddit are common sources of news, while LinkedIn can be important occupationally. Finally, sites such as Tumblr, Instagram and Pinterest tend to be more popular among individuals with artistic and or craft related aspirations." (pg. 7)
  • "Despite these limitations, it is noteworthy that we found increased use of multiple SM platforms to be strongly and independently associated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young adults- even when controlling for overall TSSM." (pg. 9)


  1. This material helps me explore my research question because it shows how reliance of social media for interaction is not sufficient and actual promotes anxiety. Due to all the stress students are facing they don’t have enough time to interact and socialize with peers so they turn to technology instead but this is just causing them to not develop the social skills they need to cope.  

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